when tightening large mj bands with more than two gear clamps, tighten the outer ones first, then the inside and repeat to ensure an even tightening.

sometimes its easier to add slope numbers to a measurement amount after compared to trying to measure something all at once

slope per foot amount multiplied by length of pipe gives total fall of horizontal drainage pipe

shut off for water meter should be used where there is no isolate for it. they usually tee off before the water heater.

crank threaded connections between R19s and braided supply hoses and other similar connections such as dishwasher connections.

a ferrule is a little fitting that compresses around a small supply pipe and is compressed when the ferrule nut is tightened. this is how compression connections are made and R19s usually come with one though the threaded connection with a braided supply hose is a much better option.

cleanouts for sink drain assemblies have to be either on the cleanout or as close as possible. in a situation where the trap is below the ground, one could put a wye and a 45 or a ty on its back on the horizontal trap arm and have a vertical pipe off of this running back up through the floor, under the sink where it is accessible.

most supply hoses for fixtures are 3/8"

a number 19 is like an R19 that has no shut off, a conversion between a piping material and a threaded supply hose connection.

an expansion tank is usually needed on the outlet side of a pump, water Hester or other devices. it must be charged before being hooked up and should be able to be isolated and have a drainage so it can be serviced or replaced.

always try to tighten with a pipe wrench by using your body weight rather than twisting and putting strain on your wrists

you can tell what the inlet is on a pump by the side that has a volute, a lump that sticks out where the water goes through before it get pushed by a motor spinning, causing centrifugal force.

iron pipe is measured by its inside diameter while copper and pex is measured by its outside diameter

bevelling plastic drainage pipe is for the interference fit of the fitting, so the solvent does not get pushed out when being welded and so debris does not get caught in the fitting

when working to another stub out for drainage, start from the side that is secured to have stability as you make your run.

its better to do water lines before drainage for a sink so it can be tested with that when it is all done.

in floor heating can cause leakage in water closet flanges in wax as they can melt and rubber as they can dry and crack

floor drain traps should be at least 17" away from a building drain to prevent buildup from making its way up a floor drain

A flange repair kit can be used with a ring if the flange is below the floor and is not compressing against the water closet.

water closet flange can be 13 1/2" off the studs and also 13 1/2"-15 1/2" from the side, depending on comfort and space. (no finished wall)

A drainage stack that 90 into a horizontal branch should be supported within 2 feet of the 90.

Certain pipes such as high rise PVC and other plastic DWV piping should be stored on a flat surface to prevent it from bowing over time.

1 fixture unit is equal to a cubic foot of water drained through 1 1/4" pipe for one minute

the 3 factors that make up a fixture unit is
1. the rate of discharge
2. time of operation
3. frequency of use

4" pipe can have a minimum slope of 1/8" per foot, unlike smaller sizes that have a minimum slope of 1/4", meaning a 4" trap can be 32' max

a 3" trap arm, a 2" trap arm and a 1 1/2" trap arm can have a maximum length at 12', 8' and 6' respectively at their minimum slopes of 1/4" per foot slope

bullheading a ty is placing it on its back

black PE water service pipe is a cheaper alternative for underground water service piping instead of the blue PE pipe. the black pipe is not rated for heat which means that a check valve should be installed in the home so heated water does not backflow into this pipe as of can burst if it does.

never keep tank water heater temperature below 140 degrees Fahrenheit as legionnaires disease bacteria can grow in water below this temperature

a t&p (temperature and pressure) valve on a water heater prevents it from overheating and exploding by discharging water when it reaches either 150 psi or 210 degrees fahrenheit

for a water closet, its drain pipe has a vertical section that is a maximum of 1 meter and has a horizontal section that is a maximum of 3 meters, with a maximum total permissible change in direction of 225 degrees excluding that first 90 down

drainage supported vertically either every other storey or every 7.5 meters

shower drains are minimum 1 1/2" but should be 2" especially if in the basement concrete. prevents difficulties later

for a hose bib, use an R-19 and then a ball valve up stream of that so it can be isolated and drained easily in the winter

a mechanical room can either be fire caulked and drywalled to be fire approved or have sprinklers if that is not an option (quicker but more expensive)

if a multi unit dwelling does not have individual curb stops and water service lines, then the mechanical room with the separate water meters must be accessible from the outside so the city has access to it, this makes each dwelling have its own address. another option would be to have one city meter with multiple sub meters that are your responsibility, that way it doesn't need a separate room with outdoor access. the downside with that is that if somebody isn't paying and the city comes and shuts off the water, multiple people don't get water whether they payed or not.

cover toilet bowl if using grinder to grind bolts

a tailpiece is the pipe that connects to the drain of a fixture, before the trap adaptor.

standard port ball valves allow the flow of one pipe size smaller while full port ball valves allow for no interruptions

copper pipe has the thickest to thinnest wall thickness in this order - K (green), L (blue), M (red) and DWV (yellow)

all regular sinks, labs and trays require a p trap with a removal cleanout plug at its dip. or a cleanout on the trap arm as close to the p trap as possible (this is a better option)

if a sediment faucet is installed outdoors instead of a frost free hose bib, it should have a valve that isolates it so it can be drained in the winter.

wax ring is always better for water closet in the long term

never use a 3" sanitary tee on its side to connect a water closets drainage to a horizontal branch, use a wye and a 45 together

never use a 90 fitting to go from a main stack to a building drain but use either 2 45s or a long sweep 90.

an air gap is the empty space between the water outlet and the flood level rim of a fixture. it is the presumed form of back flow prevention for almost all regularly installed fixtures and has to be either 25mm or twice the diameter of the water outlet's pipe diameter (whichever is bigger).

you can put a dishwasher tee on its side for a double sink to save height if it lowers it too much to be put on the vertical section of the fixture outlet pipe.

laundry box standpipe has to be 600mm minimum on the vertical and 2" minimum pipe.

clothes washers have no hydrolic load if they drain into a laundry tubs fixture outlet pipe.

an in-line vent, an air admittance valve and a cheater vent are all the same thing and are permitted to be installed below the flood level rim of a fixture

water closet is 12" from back wall (can do 13" to account for dry wall) and 12" minimum from the side wall though I've heard 18" is better and more comfortable.

quarter turn right on top of water softener on both sides to bypass water softener

pe piping used for both underground potable water supply and underground gas piping

7ft for every cleanout

bend pex (uponor) till its breaks to check for UV damage. if its a clean break, its good, if it has jagged ends, its no good.

compression fittings always used at corporation stop.

8 fixtures for circuit venting

tmp valve between 6"-12" from floor for water heater

225 degrees for floor drain and water closet drainage before venting, this excludes the first 90 it takes going from vertical to horizontal. 135 for regular traps.

cast iron pipe is cheaper than plastic, more accessible due to mj bands and better for sound isolation than plastic piping but heavier and more fragile.

auxiliary stack are soil stacks that are in buildings above 4 stories. they connect to the main soil stack roughly on third of the way up(?) and act as a relief for the stack in case there is a blockage

trap arms can only slope one pipe diameter

don't use primer on test caps

at least for storm drainage, support horizontal runs every 4 feet and vertical runs at every storey

keep in mind of flood level rim when roughing in fixtures

83" clearance for pipes from the floor in a parking garage

a trophy piece is a fitting that has a section of pipe welded into it but cut, a used fitting

if I continuous vent is leaking at the fitting and needs to be cut out, you can back vent it with a 45 if you don't have the proper spacing or fittings to just redo it

vertical ball valves should close by pulling down

min piece for half inch uponor is 2 inches

bubble touching second line on level is quarter inch per foot slope (first line is eighth)

3 types of individual vents: back vent, dial vent and individual vent

black swan for mj bands is to provide better seal

t tape is wrapped around 3 times minimum on threads

for 3/8" concrete anchors, drill a half inch hole, for half inch concrete anchors, drill a 5/8" hole.

expansion tool for uponor is supposed to be greased every time the head is switched

use grinder for large plastic pipe but sawzall for smaller plastic pipe diameters

you never want a pipe to rollercoaster (dip in middle), you always want it to snake (dip on its side)

venting maintains atmospheric pressure

level every fitting while securing it to pipe.

6 water closets max on a 3 inch vertical stack, 2 water closets for a 3 inch horizontal branch

grind ends of pipe to make even before grooving so it sits flat against the groover

groove coupling gaskets and split flange gaskets have a line marked on it to show where to grease

consider insulation size on both sides when answering total pipe size for a heating system

evenly tighten both sides of an mj band until snug

pex has to be supported every 3 ft

don't use a 90 on its side for drainage systems (or avoid)